Blitzkrieg Essay Research Paper The foundation of

Quick assault Essay, Research PaperThe establishment of Mobile fighting has its underlying foundations in Ancient and Medieval World. The German Army delinquently in World War I abdominal muscle initio created essential strategies that at long last advanced into current traveling fighting. Germans built up those strategies with an end goal to show signs of improvement of the inert channel fighting on the Western Front. World class # 8220 ; Sturmtruppen # 8221 ; infantry units were made to attack adversary places using the drive of speed and outperform yet at long last fizzled in light of the inadequacy of portability and bolster required so as to continue advancing farther into foe controlled area. During 1920s, British military scholars Captain Sir Basil Liddell Hart, General J.F.C. Fuller and General Martell farther created strategies of migrant fighting. They all hypothesized that shielded battle vehicles could non simply prehend land by brutal quality, however could other than be the cardinal factor in another plan of fighting. Whenever moved rapidly bounty, of defensively covered battle vehicles could nail through foe lines and into the foe # 8217 ; s back, destructing supplies and overwhelming weapon puts and decreasing the foe # 8217 ; s will to challenge. Every one of them saw heavily clad battle vehicle as an extreme arm ready to puncture profound into adversary locale while followed by foot and upheld by substantial weapon and airfare. In late 1920s and mid 1930s, Charles De Gaulle, Hans von Seekt, Heinz Guderian and numerous others got inspired by the develop of traveling fighting and attempted to actualize it in an authoritative development of their ground forcess. Heinz Guderian sorted out Panzers into independent Panzer Divisions working with the nearby help of foot, mechanized foot, overwhelming weapon and airfare. From 1933 to 1939, Germany was on an interest to the full automate their ground powers for a drawing nearer struggle.German High Comm and utilized Spanish Civil War ( 1936-38 ) as a testing land for Blitzkrieg strategies, which end up being a considerable mix of land and air activity. In September of 1939, Germany attacked Poland using motorized land power ( Wehrmacht ) working with the nearby help of the airfare ( Luftwaffe ) to discovery and puncture profound behind Polish lines of guard # 8211 ; Polish Campaign. In May of 1940, during the intrusion of the Low Countries and France, the Germans one time again utilized same strategies ( including the utilization of Fallschirmjaeger # 8211 ; paratroops ) to floor and disorganise the watchmen. From October of 1940 to March of 1941, Germans vanquished Balkans using the equivalent demonstrated strategies. When in June of 1941, Germany attacked Russia ; strategies of Blitzkrieg permitted them to make the edges of Moscow in December of 1941. Erwin Rommel in North Africa ( 1941-1943 ) other than executed strategies of Blitzkrieg with extraordinary achievement. Since late 1942, dwarfed German Army was battling a cautious war on two foreparts and couldn't set up any significant offenses with excepti on of Kursk ( June of 1943 ) and Ardennes ( December of 1944 ) offense. Generally, strategies of Blitzkrieg were the main endorser of early German triumphs ( 1939-1942 ) , when German flexibly base and coordinations had the option to keep the speed of the advancing units. This was non the occurrence on the Eastern Front and in the North Africa, when restricted German flexibly base and coordinations couldn't get by with travel and conditions lessening effectivity of German attacks and military as a rule. At a similar clasp, intensity of Blitzkrieg was to the full valued by the Allies, who executed its strategies on all foreparts. US Army General George Patton utilized Blitzkrieg strategies in his European tasks of 1944. After World War II, strategies of Blitzkrieg were utilized by Israeli powers during their army battles with the Arab Nations each piece great as by American powers during the Operation Desert Storm.Overall, strategies of Blitzkrieg depend on co-ordinated, concentrated and exact air and land assaults to gracefully a quick and ground-breaking clout through the adversary lines so as to at long last circle the foe. Significant factor behind roaming fighting was imparting between the HQ and field units and the other way around, each piece great as readied get bringing down focuses alongside flexibly base and coordinations to keep the speed of the underlying assault. Despite the fact that, it is every now and again overlooked that outperform was other than extremely of impo rt to the accomplishment of Blitzkrieg and that is the reason Germany neer proclaimed war on any express that it assaulted. The extreme strategies of Blitzkrieg shaped a base for future improvement of arms and warfare.Concepts of Blitzkrieg1. Airfare assaults adversary forefront and back spots, boss streets, landing fields and imparting focuses. At a similar clasp foot attacks on the full forefront ( or if nothing else at boss topographic focuses ) and draws in adversary. This limits the adversary from cognizing where the main power will assail.2. Concentrated heavily clad battle vehicle unit # 8217 ; s advancement boss lines of resistance and progress further into foe region, while following motorized unit # 8217 ; s pursue and connect with watchmen preventing them from set uping cautious spots. Infantry keeps on indicting adversary to deceive and keep up foe powers from withdrawing and set uping useful defence.3. Infantry and other help units assault adversary wings so as to relat e up with different gatherings to complete the surge lastly encompass the enemy.4. Motorized gatherings initiate further into the foe locale go arounding the foe puts and incapacitating the back preventing withdrawing military faculties and gatekeepers from set uping adequate protective places.5. Primary power interfaces up with different units encompassing and removing the foe.

How Is Waste Management Affected By Socioeconomic Factors? Essay

How Is Waste Management Affected By Socioeconomic Factors? Rundown. One of the most squeezing ecological issues confronting the present reality is the issue of waste administration and removal. This issue crosses every single universal outskirt and contacts the lives of the entirety of the world’s people groups. Squander the board envelops everything from assortment and taking care of to removal by burning, landfill and different techniques, and reusing. Likewise included are the genuine related ramifications for the wellbeing of individuals and nature. As waste delivering exercises continue and strengthen, the world network will be confronted with hard decisions on the best way to best oversee and discard squanders. These choices ought to be founded on hard science and sound administration rehearses. Be that as it may, there are geopolitical measurements to be found in the dynamic procedure of waste administration and removal. The reason for this examination has been to decide how geopolitical variables influence squander the board on worldwi de and neighborhood scales. In particular, this examination has been guided by taking a gander at how social and monetary variables influence worldwide and national waste administration rehearses. By taking a gander at the different parts of waste administration, this examination has verified that dynamic is enormously influenced by financial elements. Squander removal rehearses are demonstrated to be straightforwardly connected with the degree to which a country or locale is industrialized, or created. This investigation presents proof, both measurable and episodic, that squander removal, burning, landfill site determination, and a large number of different zones of waste administration are to be sure connected with ethnic, racial, local and national contemplations. This examination presumes that internatio... ...t. Lee, G., A. Jones-Lee (1998). â€Å"Addressing Justifiable NIMBY: A Prescription For MSW Management.† Landfills and Water Quality Management. W2. â€Å"Japan Blamed For Coercing Thai Incinerator Purchases.† http://ens.lycos.com/ens.html. W3. â€Å"Medical Waste Incineration Banned In Argentinean Capital.† http://greenpeace.org/international_en/news/subtleties W4. â€Å"Highest Dutch Court Calls Ship ‘Toxic Waste,’† (2002). http://greenpeace.org/international_en/news/subtleties W5. â€Å"Greenpeace Intercepts European Ship Attempting to Illegally Dump Toxic Waste In Turkey,† (2002). http://greenpeace.org/international_en/news/subtleties Mitchell, D. (1998). â€Å"Lives of the Saints: The Loneliest Shipper.† New York Magazine. Suro, R. (1998). â€Å"Pollution-Weary Minorities Try Civil Rights Tack.† The New York Times. Earthy colored, P. (2000). â€Å"What A Waste!† The Guardian.

Komunyakaas Untitled Blues Confronting Racial Injustice Through Poetry - Literature Essay Samples

Although the majority of Yusef Komunyakaa’s poem â€Å"Untitled Blues† portrays descriptive and vivid scenes of music, dancing, and joy, these images are merely distractions from the deeper message that hides within the lines of the piece. Images of â€Å"tap dancers [who] hold / to the last steps† (32-33) as people who â€Å"jive / down on Bourbon Conti† (31-32) and of â€Å"drunks discussing God / around a honky-tonk piano† (16-17), come together to act as a mask, behind which struggle, crises, and injustice hide. Komunyakaa highlights the reoccurring pattern throughout history, in which society hides from pressing issues, and instead, focuses on the bright side, making finding solutions nearly impossible. He expresses this issue through the structure of the poem, which literally imitates the actions of the majority of people in society. Just like society’s failure to acknowledge obvious issues, the poem fails to address one as well, namel y racism. The strategic wording layout of the poem is important, in that its structure mimics and symbolizes the very attitudes present in New Orleans throughout the mid-20th century. Komunyakaa grew up in Louisiana during the Civil Rights Movement. The South during this time was a place of stark segregation and racial violence. In a Washington Post article published in 2009, Komunyakaa was quoted, â€Å"It was impossible not to have known and lived within the social and political dimensions of skin color† (â€Å"The Colors in My Dreams†, 1). The poem opens up with a scene depicting that very issue. The speaker looks at a young black boy, who is wearing a laughing white mask. This kind of injustice was ignored, and in some ways, continues to be ignored today. Komunyakaa points out how easy it is to disregard this kind of mistreatment in lines 8-9 and 18-20. â€Å"I could say / everything is copacetic†¦We could pretend we can’t / see the kitchen help / under a cloud of steam†. The speaker’s use of the word ‘could’ is significant. It presents the options that we have—either to confront the issue at hand or to hide from it. However, the poem only includes actions that reflect the choice to hide. Nowhere in the poem does the speaker mention an action that confronts the racism we encountered at the beginning of the poem. All of the actions presented continue the norm of failing to face our problems. Conforming to the society’s dominant beliefs is easy. Being willfully blind allows us to feel comfort and safety as it enables us to act in certain ways and believe in particular things simply because it is how everyone else acts and what everyone else believes. Rising up against numbers is intimidating, and several words throughout â€Å"Untitled Blues† suggest this tendency created by our fear to challenge the majority. Komunyakaa uses words and phrases such as â€Å"mask† (4), â€Å"painted on† (5), â€Å"copacetic† (9), â€Å"pretend† (18), â€Å"snow jobs† (21), and â€Å"see-through† (23). These words all suggest the act of hiding something. In this case, they’re hiding the deep roots of racism that was prevalent in the South. The reoccurrence of these types of words throughout the poem enforces Komunyakaa’s message. These words aren’t targeting or blaming any group or individual in particular. Instead he targets the city as a whole. Komunyakaa presents New Orleans as having both literal and metaphorical connections with the act of hiding from issues. Metaphorically, in lines 22-24, the speaker characterizes the entire city as displaying these tendencies—†Å"night day, the city / clothed in her see-through / French lace†. The city as a whole puts on a mask that is see-through. Everyone knows the issue is there—we can all see it. As a literal connection, the speaker mentions a place in New Orleans called Storyville, an area whose characteristics were far from reality, where people escaped to get drunk and where prostitution was legal (â€Å"1903: Storyville†). Even the name â€Å"Storyville† denotes a place where people can go to escape reality and jump into make believe stories of happiness, drunkenness, song, and laughter. Denying those places of happiness, however, is not an easy task. Even Komunyakaa acknowledges the struggle that exists when facing a serious social issue, as the speaker tries â€Å"to look into the eyes / of the photo, at a black boy / behind a laughing white mask / he’s painted on† (1-5), an image that clearly represents a struggle with race. The young boy in the image is described as being â€Å"locked inside your camera† (36), stuck there until the racial segregation that is holding him back ends, or at least fizzles out. But in order for that to happen, the people in the poem who are jiving, dancing, and getting drunk at local honky-tonks need to step out from behind these masks of happiness. Although it is hard, it is vital in moving through issues that have left stains on our society. Unfortunately, there aren’t many of us who are willing to step up. Fear drives us to turn a blind eye and find masks to place over issues, granting us temporary happiness. What’s interesting is that the poem, which condemns this behavior, is actually committing the same crime that it is scorning. Although the poem is pointing out our tendency to choose the cowardly ‘hiding’ option, the speaker in the poem chooses that option as well, making the poem engage in the very same ignorance that it is ridiculing. The structure of the poem defies the very message that the poem is enforcing. The poem begins with the prevalent issue of racism. Then, the speaker presents us with what sounds like two options. First, we are given the option to walk away and hide from the issue at hand. We could sing, dance, get drunk in honky-tonks, or walk down Bourbon. We could do whatever we want to do. Reading these â€Å"could† options, it is expected that there will be a ‘but this is your second option†¦Ã¢â‚¬  statement. However, the à ¢â‚¬Ëœbut’ statement never appears. Instead, we find ourselves at the end of the poem, after getting drunk and tap dancing, back to square one, with the black boy still â€Å"locked inside your camera† (36) and the â€Å"mammy dolls frozen / in glass cages† (34-35). The speaker never explores the option that involves standing up against the racism that has—and continues to—clearly put a dent in society. In the end of the poem, we are still facing the same injustice that we saw in the opening lines of the piece. This arrangement relates directly to reality. Using this seemingly deliberate tool, Komunyakaa was able to layout the play of events in a society that turns a blind eye to its concerning weaknesses. Without opposing racism or any other issue for that matter, there will be no outcome. The poem is achingly suggestive, but has no resolution. With no solution, the poem ends with the same injustice that it begins with, proving that choosing the option to hide from issues leads to repeating patterns of violence, racism, and discrimination, which can thrive for generation after generation. The beginning and end of the poem is like the beginning and end of each generation that fails to try to turn around racism. This is demonstrated in the poem. As the speaker looks at a young black boy who is wearing the white mask, he states, â€Å"I / could’ve been that boy / years agoâ₠¬  (5-7). Injustice lives on when our society fails to look it in the eye. Issues cannot be resolved when, instead of being addressed, they are being hidden behind masks of joy and happiness. And when an issue is left untouched, parents’ children will experience the same issues, as well as their children, and their children’s children. Komunyakaa creates a strong message in â€Å"Untitled Blues†; by examining the words in each line, readers can clearly see that he is implying the act of masking our issues or running from reality. However, more importantly, if you step back from the poem and look at it as one big picture, it is clear that the poem in its entirety is a depiction of these actions as well. The speaker presents us with the issue of racism, then instead of confronting that issue, goes on to portray scenes of happiness, masking the injustice that is undoubtedly there. In the end, the speaker brings us back to the issue of racism we saw in the beginning, untouched and unacknowledged. The poem as a whole is a mirror image of a person who is hiding from reality. Together, the two techniques Komunyakaa used create an immensely strong claim. In the 1950’s and even now, without confrontation, our society’s issues will never go away.

A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen - 1666 Words

My understanding of cultural and contextual considerations of the work, A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, was deepened through the interactive oral. We discussed about the cultural values of the time with its emphasis on the position of women, and the play’s influence on feminism in Norway. In fact, A Doll’s House is more relevant than before, since a paradigm shift occurred in the modern society that women are no longer dependent upon men. After the publication and the first stage production, the play sparked an immediate outbreak of debate and controversy, and most of it centered on Nora’s decision to abandon her marriage at the conclusion. Many people considered the play as a revolutionary action of feminism, which contradicted Norwegian patriarchal society norms. One review of the period stated that the portrayal of the character Nora had disgusted the audience by violating the convention. Women in Norwegian patriarchal society were expected to live solely under the â€Å"umbrella† of their male figures in house, and they were economically and socially dependent upon men wherby they were not supposed to do anything other than their duties. They also had little political and economic power, and their highest possible achievement was motherhood, so that women tended to be labeled and viewed primarily as wives and mothers. When Torvald continuously demeans Nora, she does not seem to mind and sometimes eve n encourages it. The forbidden macaroon comes to represent the parent-childShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. 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Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. 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The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

The Changing of Chillingworth throughout The Scarlet...

The Changing of Chillingworth throughout The Scarlet Letter The character of Roger Chillingworth in Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter is one of many different faces. Hawthorne changes the character of Chillingworth during different periods of the novel. As Chillingworths actions and his motives change, so in turn does the readers opinion of him, which ranges from compassion to antipathy. Hawthorne keeps the character of Chillingworth an enigma, and Hawthorne uses his narrative to shed light on the true feelings of Chillingworth, as well through the good doctors interaction with other characters, especially Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale. As we watch the plot evolve, and the reader observes Chillingworths actions,†¦show more content†¦In the first interaction between Chillingworth and Hester, Chillingworth is the doctor for both Hester and Pearl. Hester is dubious of Chillingworths motives for helping them, and with good reason. Chillingworth declares that he is not aiding her out of the goodness of his heart, but rather to make sure that she lives so that he may broadcast her sins throughout the community. Live, therefore, and bear about thy doom with thee, in the eyes of men and women, - in the eyes /of him whom thou didst call thy husband, - in the eyes of yonder child! And, that thou/ mayest live, take off this draught! (67) Chillingworth is very angry at Hester, but not because of love for Hester, but rather because Chillingworth feels emasculated by Hesters transgression. As revenge, Chillingworth wishes to strip her of any honor. The reader at this point feels nothing but anger towards Chillingworth at this point. Chillingworth has badgered Hester incessantly in order to ascertain the father of her bastard child. Speak out the name! That, and thy repentance, may avail to take the scarlet letter off thy breast. (63) Up until this point the reader thinks that Chillingworth is a self-righteous crusader, but when it is finally revealed that Chillingworth is in fact Hesters husband, some sympathy isShow MoreR elatedNegative Effects Of The Scarlet Effect1551 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of the Scarlet Letter on Dimmesdale The scarlet letter is the Puritan’s method of broadcasting Hester’s sin to the world, but it also has an internal effect on Dimmesdale. Puritanism is a strict religion where pleasure is strictly forbidden and is punishable. When Hester Prynne is discovered to have committed adultery, she is forced to wear a scarlet A, which is short for ‘adultery’. When this is first revealed, Hester stands in the jail carrying baby Pearl and, with the people jeering, isRead MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 PagesNine, â€Å"The Leech† from the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘The Leech†, Nathaniel HawthorneRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1593 Words   |  7 PagesEinstein), but the society during the 1640’s prevents the people of New England to develop in a way that benefits their well being. 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Define An Exceptable Use Policy free essay sample

Minnesingers filtering policies for network traffic. In this document we will describe the Importance of having security policies In place to help Identify Inappropriate activity on a network and develop a basic NAP that explains the handling of such incidents. Requirements For users to remotely access data safely on company networks and computers it it important to have an acceptable use policy In place. ; Methods that can be used to connect remotely, such as dial up or virtual private network (VPN) ; Requirements for user systems before they are allowed to connect. Terms of use associated with remotely connecting to the network. ; Policy enforcement Compliance Users in violation of the acceptable use policy will be subject to six levels of consequences including the Issuing of warnings, written or verbal. Suspending the Members newsgroup posting presses. Suspending or terminating the members bringing legal action to collect damages, if any, caused by violations. We will write a custom essay sample on Define An Exceptable Use Policy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Users have a responsibility to report theft, loss, and/or disclosure of Irishman Investments secure r personal data and are subject to consequences as described above.All internet and Intranet related equipment, Definitions Terms ; Acceptable use Policy (PAP) ; End user License Agreement (EULA) Terms of use use of the Irishman Investment Acceptable data resources and networks from a remote location is subject to disciplinary and/or legal actions as defined by Irishman Investments Acceptable Use Policy. Scope This policy applies to all Irishman Investment employees and personnel who connect motley or directly to Irishman Investment-owned or personally-owned computers configured to connect to the corporate Irishman Investment network.

Jason Nikouyeh Essays - File Sharing, 105th United States Congress

Jason Nikouyeh Professor Willis English 111, Section 133 4 November 1999 Technology is Changing the Way We Listen to Music Downloading MP3s from the Internet should be made legal. An MP3 is a near CD quality digital recording of a musical piece that is compressed so it can be distributed through the Internet (Simple Net). High prices, new technology, and availability are causing most music lovers to turn to the Internet to listen to their music. It's convenient to search a computer database for a song you've been wanting to hear by your favorite artist, download it, and copy it on to a CD. More and more people are doing this because with the help of search engines it's possible to find any song imaginable and download it for free. What most people don't realize is that the reproduction of a musical work, distribution of copies of a musical piece, and the public performance of the work without the copyright owner's consent are all violations of copyright laws (Anderman and Paez 5). However, they do know that getting caught for this crime is very unlikely. Catching those who violate copyright laws is very tricky because in most cases it's hard to tell who is at fault. Because of very detailed, complicated copyright laws even prosecuting a web site for promoting pirated music is almost too difficult to attempt. New digital audio compression technologies have made promoting, distributing, and selling music very easy (5). Sound files called MPEG 1 Layer 3 or MP3 for short allow users to download digital quality music for free over the Internet. These compressed audio files can be played on an individual's computer by using special software. With the help of CD-writers, a relatively new computer technology that allows people to create there own CDs, illegal copies of the copyrighted material can be made at near compact disc quality (Anderman and Paez 6). Portable MP3 players have now been developed that make pirating songs even easier. Instead of having to search for and buy expensive music, people are simply downloading the songs they want and designing their own CDs or just listening to the music on an MP3 player. In any case these new technologies are concerning the music industry because composers and production companies are losing a tremendous amount of money (MacDonald 1). The increasing popularity of MP3s has resulted in the need for copyright law reforms. Because MP3s violate copyright laws, service providers have to take extreme precautions to avoid liability for copyright infringement (Anderman and Paez 7). The first of many says that service providers are not liable if the provider doesn't start the transmission of the audio file nor manually carry out the copying process (8). The provider can not select the recipients, nor can the transmissions make any changes to the online material (8). The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, otherwise known as DMCA, addresses many issues associated with copyright infringement and rules for digital audio transmission over the Internet. It deals with many issues that include anti-piracy provisions, liability for online copyright infringement, and requirements for digital music delivery (1). These reforms, designed to protect the Internet Service Providers from liability, make catching individuals who break copyrig ht laws very hard. It's difficult for providers of interactive web sites and networks to search through all of their hosted web sites for pirated materials so in order for them to be shielded from liability, they can't have anyway of knowing about the pirated material stored on their server. If the provider is notified of the infringing material, they have to stop accessing to the particular web site immediately. There are many specific rules that the providers must follow in order to avoid blame for copyright infringement if one of their web pages is hosting pirated materials (Anderman and Paez 8). Deciding whether or not copyright laws were violated intentionally is too difficult because there are two types of copyright infringement, direct and indirect (7). If someone makes a digital copy of a musical work such as a MP3 and makes it available for downloading on the Internet, they have directly violated copyright laws. Direct copyright infringement occurs when a person knowingly makes illegal copies of copyrighted material and distributes it to the public