Steve Jobs, The Man Who Designed One Of The Greatest...

Steve Jobs, the man who designed one of the greatest technological comebacks in the history of Silicon Valley, continues to prove that he is a modern day Howard Hughes. Unpredictable, passionate, fearless, he was the person who put the smartphone in our pocket. If it was not for Steve Jobs, we would not have had personal computers, Podcasts or smartphones. Steve Jobs had a rough childhood. He was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs, and his dad was an alcoholic and sometimes also abusive (Isaacson 41). He lived in Santa Clara County, was a quite turbulent child, and did not care about school at all until he reached 4th grade, when his teacher Imogene Hill bribed him into learning. She saw potential in him, gave him candy and money just to get†¦show more content†¦(Isaacson 58). One of the most significant perks of living in Los Altos was that he could go to school in the Cupertino-Sunnyvale School District, which was one of the best and safest school district in the valley. When Steve arrived in high school, Homestead High, he showed an early interest in electronics and enrolled in a popular electronics class. He also met Steve Wozniak there, who was also a computer genius like Steve himself. Steve met Woz in 1969, when Steve was 14 and Woz was 19 (Isaacson 67). Woz was much more knowledgeable of electronics than Steve was at the time, and Woz was already building a little computer called â€Å"The Cream Soda Computer†. Steve and Woz later became very close friends, and soon engaged in various entrepreneurship ventures together (Isaacson 74). One of Steve and Woz’s first entrepreneurship venture were blue boxes, which fooled ATT’s long distance switching equipment, which allowed you to make phone calls for free. It worked by producing various frequencies of tones that caused the telephone system to switch to long-distance calls. Once you made a long distance call, you could switch to operator mode, and you could route your call as you w anted, all for free, and it was also very hard to trace (Schlender 35). It was very popular among various criminal elements. The two stopped selling it because they were almost caught by the police. It

Review Of Big Fish Epic - 1559 Words

Rachel McGirl Mr. Connolly November 11, 2014 Period 3 Big Fish Epic Assessment A teenaged boy dives into a lake to save three drowning children. Deep in the African brush, two volunteers save a lone lion cub. A police officer rescues a distraught and suicidal woman dangling from a ledge. Even though heroes differ in their departure, initiation, and return, they are still heroes nevertheless. Edward Bloom, a brave and compassionate man in the twentieth century, and Odysseus, a clever warrior living around 200 BC, share many important characteristics, yet have many differences in the departure, initiation, and return of their journey. Despite these dissimilarities, both are heroes in their own individual worlds. One important difference between Edward Bloom and Odysseus is their departure from the ordinary world. For Edward Bloom, his calling is psychological. â€Å"I wanted to be a great man,† (Wallace 21) states Edward as he lays on his deathbed. â€Å"Can you believe it? I thought it was my destiny. A big fish in a big pond – that’s what I wanted.† (Wallace 21). As you can see, Edward decided his calling was to be an accomplished man, and he knew he needed to go out and fulfill his destiny. However, Edward knew that he needed to leave Ashland to satisfy his calling. â€Å"In the verdant fields of Ashland he ran with his companions, and with gusto he ate and drank. It was life spent as if in a dream. Only one morning he woke and knew in his heart that he must go, and he told hisShow MoreRelatedLife of Lam Ang2228 Words   |  9 PagesLife of Lam-ang (Biag ni Lam-Ang)- Anatomy of an Ilocano Epic Life of Lam-ang (Biag ni Lam-Ang)-   Anatomy of an Ilocano Epic Dr Abe V. Rotor   Living with Nature School on Blog Paaralang Bayan sa Himpapawid  with Ms  Melly C TenorioDZRB 738 AM, 8 to 9 Evening Class, Monday to Friday Lesson: Epic. What epic is popular in your place, country? How do you compare it with  Lam-ang, or say, the  Iliad  or the  Odessey? 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A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World Free Essays

I chose the book Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. As the title suggests, and the author, Mark Kurlansky, explores, a simple fish, more specifically, cod, has an importance that has been proven throughout history. The prologue is set in Petty Harbour, a town in Newfoundland and tells a story of three experienced fishermen, Sam, Leonard, and Bernard. We will write a custom essay sample on A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are participating in the Sentinel Fishery which was an attempt to help scientists and fishermen work together to measure the supply of cod. Their boat was to catch as many cod as they could and measure and tag them. A second boat was to catch exactly 100 cod and open them to identify their age and sex. For three men who fishing was their life hobby, you would think this would be an enjoyable job, but in actuality, it was a result of the Canadian government shutting down groundfishing in order to control fishing operations as to preserve the quantity and life of the cod. The book unfolds in three parts and each part has multiple chapters. Part One, entitled A Fish Tale, begins by describing the Vikings as the first known fishermen of cod. The Vikings ability to travel long distances and discover new places was due to their skill in air drying the cod. This form of curing fish preserved the cod and allowed them a food source that did not spoil quickly. Furthermore, the Basques, who were a mysterious group, were able to maintain their independence because they had a strong economy which was a result of adding salting to the airing process as a means to preserve the cod. This allowed them to travel long distances, monopolize on catching cod on their secret waters and in addition, were able to heavily trade cod. This section also talks about different areas arguing over access to different waters, the attempt to regulate trade and explorers claiming land. Cod was the common item that resulted in the hostility among these topics. The book goes into great detail of how North America was explored by multiple Europeans. The rise and fall of power by the French, the English and the Germans are discussed, as well as slavery, wars, trade, and taxation. All of this important history is linked to the codfish. The catching, the selling, the trading, and the monopolizing of waters all contributed to the development of the colonies, and because of this fish, the book suggests cod was the fish that changed the world. This section also covers details about the actual fish including how cod live, how they reproduce, and what they eat. Cod are not strong, nor fast and swim with their mouth open. Consequently, they can be caught without bait because they swallow anything that fits in their mouth, including jiggers and they don’t put up a fight with the fisherman. They are great sources of protein, especially when dried, and there is no waste on the fish. There are ten families of cod and include over 200 species. The Atlantic cod is the most popular and produces the highest financial return as well as the greatest status amongst fishermen. Part Two, Limits, focuses on two subjects. First, it discusses the dangers of fishing for cod. It elaborates on the terrible conditions including cold temperatures, fog, currents, lack of sleep and equipment injuries. It is said that more fishermen have been lost at sea than men died in the wars. These deaths are a result of boats getting lost at sea, sinking, and men falling or being swept off the boats. These fishermen take the risk because fishing means economic survival. Secondly, this section of the book presents the conflicting theories of biologists between overfishing and the natural resource of cod being invincible. Those fearing the depletion of cod suggest it is because of better techniques (longlining and gillnetting), increasing technology (chronometer, telegraph, and freezing) and modernization of boats (engine and steam-powered and motor ships) and equipment (sonar and spotter aircraft). As a result, nations began to claim their coastal waters which started at three miles and by 1975, after three cod wars, was expanded to 200-mile limits.Part Three, The Last Hunters, outlines quotas and moratoriums implemented in the later history in order to seek the prevention of cod depletion. As a result, fishermen and fishing communities paid the price. One aspect of Canada’s moratorium developed a monitoring program which brings the book full circle to the prologue where Sam and his friends were working as part of the Sentinel Fishery. From governments to fishermen and all the scientists and councils in between, everyone has their own opinion on whether or not the cod will replenish themselves to a number that will allow economic gains. The reality is that costs were greater than revenue and as a result, overfishing became a complex global problem that forced fishermen to find other jobs. As a result, fishing communities drastically changed. One of the book’s arguments is that of nature being infinitely endless versus the concept of overfishing depleting the cod stock. The topic of conservation, or lack of, can be paralleled to these conflicting concepts. As outlined in this assignment, conservation is defined as the management of a resource or system to sustain its productivity over time. In this case, I will address the conservation of cod and how the supply was managed, or mismanaged, throughout history up until the time this book was first published in 1997. As the book’s title simply states, cod has changed the world. More complexly, it allowed for a food source and financial stability throughout most of history. I would conclude that the majority of the 1800s, conservation wasn’t considered necessary. The prominent philosopher, Thomas Henry Huxley, was on multiple fishing commissions, spoke internationally, and persuaded government bodies that it was not possible to overfish for cod. Despite what fishermen had thought, Huxley proclaimed that cod will always reproduce at a faster rate than caught. It wasn’t until after his death that the British government admitted that overfishing was indeed occurring. This was in 1902 and was the first the book mentions the concern, which remained a focus throughout the 1900s and the rest of the book. It wasn’t until 1949 that the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries was organized to begin addressing ways to regulate the growing fishing industry. This is the first conservation was considered on a global level. Several examples of conservation unfolded throughout the next 50 years. Setting limits and waters were not always agreed upon throughout various nations, but all began to recognize the problem. The Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act in 1976 developed the 200-mile conservation zone. The goal was to eliminate foreign fishing, reduce overfishing, and allow the cod stock to replenish. The European Union Common Fishing Policy was put in place in the 1970s as well. The policy outlined very specific quotas per boat, species, area and time frame. It was in 1992, that the Canadian government established a moratorium that shut down groundfishing along the east coast. One component of the moratorium was the development of Newfoundland’s Sentinel Fishery which I referenced earlier. These types of programs were implemented to monitor the cod stock. Here in the US in 1994, the National Marine Fishery Services reacted to their findings that the cod stock was rapidly declining. Further conservation measures were seen in the restricted number of days that vessels were allowed to groundfish. The original 139-day restriction was then lowered to 88 days within two years based on the fact that numbers continued to decline. Furthermore, the monitoring systems were an attempt to sustain the cod for future generations. In this particular case, I feel conservation and sustainability go hand and hand. In an attempt to sustain the cod, the controversial idea of fish farming is discussed. Fish farming is when cod are enclosed in an area and fed to fatten them up. Maybe, in theory, this seems to be a solution, but scientists suggest that farming comes with consequences. Because of how the cod are farmed, they are often unable to adapt when they are released inshore for spawning. Although conservation wasn’t a concern in the first half of the book, the second half discussed limits as a means for conservation. Examples of limiting areas of fishing, limiting numbers of fish caught and limiting the number of days allowed to fish were evident but also challenged as maybe a little too late forthcoming. The second topic I would like to discuss is that of a hazard. As outlined in this assignment, a hazard is defined as an object, condition, or process that threatens individuals and society in terms of production or reproduction. I would like to suggest that the process of overfishing is a hazard that this book unfolds throughout history. Overfishing is simply when cod are caught at a faster rate than they can naturally reproduce. The author suggests that man is part of the natural world and the two can’t separate themselves, and in this case, the activity of overfishing is driven by man. Cod provided a source of protein and a financial stability to many nations. As populations increased, the demand for cod increased, and consequently, the industry became competitive in nature. Because of this, fishing for the Atlantic cod became commercialized, and although nations modernized at different speeds, the goal for all was to catch more. As early as 1815, the French used the technique of longlining. Although it was expensive because of the amount of bait that was used, it was the first advancement from handlining and allowed for numerous fish to be caught at once. From there, bottom dragging became popular and although it was an effective method of catching a lot of cod at once, it was also damaging to other fish that got caught in the net. In addition to improved techniques, curing methods advanced and freezing methods were developed. Technology advancements included the chronometer and telegraph which both improved navigation, and sonors and spotter aircraft aided in spotting cod schools. Fishing boats advanced from oars and sails to steam-powered to motorships. All of these advancements aided in the overfishing and consequently became a hazard. Scientists argue that you can’t predict nature and there is no way to tell if and when, as well as, how long it will take to replenish the cod stock. For this reason, I suggest overfishing to be a hazard. The depletion of cod has ramifications on today’s society. Fishing communities have suffered as fishermen have been displaced and forced to find other work, and the economy of these towns do not have the same stability as they once did. In addition, cod was a nutritional food source and my guess is that is will become an expensive delicacy. Cod was a constant thread throughout history, and its importance is indisputable. This book provided me with knowledge of the species, as well as how this simple fish connected nations across the northwest region. Conservation attempts were outlined after the concept of overfishing was identified as a concern. The hazard of man overfishing was proven as history unfolded and technological advancements developed. In addition to all the great detail this book provided about cod, the fish that changed the world, the tales, recipes, and pictures brought life to the subject. How to cite A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World, Papers

Wesfarmers Limited International Trade and Enterprise

Question: Discuss about theWesfarmers Limited for International Trade and Enterprise. Answer: When it comes to the leading multinationals in Australia, one name that pops the mind is Wesfarmers Limited. The company, as a group, is a multi-industry company, the highest revenue generating company and the works as a conglomerate. The location of its global headquarters is 40 The Esplanade Perth, Western Australia (Wesfarmers, 2017a). The primary interest of the company is limited to Australia and New Zealand; however, the company has its operations in Bangladesh, United Kingdom and Ireland (ASX, 2016). Retail, coal mining, fertilizers, industrial and safety products, and chemicals are the key operations of Wesfarmers (AMP Capital, 2015). In 1914, the company was formed as a co-operative for making available the services, as well as, merchandise to the Western Australias farmers. The company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as WES and the first time it was listed was back in 1984 (Wesfarmers, 2017b). The company has an active shareholder base of nearly 530,000, which shows its substantial presence in the market (IBIS, 2016). Wesfarmers Limited has been the largest company in terms of its revenue for the previous year, i.e., 2016, and left behind both Woolworths and BHP Billiton and the figures showed AU$65.98 billion as the revenue. The 2016 Annual Report of Wesfarmers depicted the number of employees as 220,000 and this high figure resulted in the company being the largest private sector employer. And due to being in such a position, Wesfarmers enjoys a large number of indigenous employees and this figure depicted a number which is above 3,300 (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Wesfarmers has attained the topmost position in the nation, amongst two thousand companies. The key income generating source for Wesfarmers is its Grocery Stores, along with the Supermarkets which are running in the Australian industry. The revenue for the year of 2016 stood at $66,216,000,000 and this amount was inclusive of the sales and the other revenues figures. The Managing Director of the company is Richard Goyder, who is the Chief Executive of the company. And Michael Chaney, who is the Chairman of Wesfarmers, has been given the title of Non-Executive Chairman. The company has a diversified portfolio and operates in gas processing and energy distribution, supermarket, hardware, in addition to the earlier highlighted businesses (IBIS, 2016). The resources division of the company is metallurgical coal producer and an open-cut miner, and has interests in a number of different mining operations. The Bowen Basin in Queensland, where the Curragh mine is situated, is a coal mine which produces steaming and metallurgical coal, which is then exported to South America, Europe, Japan and South-East Asia. Wesfarmers retail division is divided into a range of different operations, and is inclusive of supermarkets, convenience stores, and hardware and office supplies. The company includes: Kmart: retailer of apparel, and general merchandise, in addition to automotive services department; Coles: groceries retailer, in addition to a range of other household consumables; Officeworks: retail office supplies stores; Home Improvement: operating through Bunnings brand, which has 357 trading chain locations in both Australia and New Zealand; and Target: retailer for general merchandise, apparel and homewares (IBIS, 2016). The companies have to follow the regulatory frameworks which govern their operations in the nation the regulatory framework is in form of acts, codes and regulations. Some of the regulatory frameworks which are applicable on Wesfarmers, for having its operations in Australia, have been stated below. As the income from any company is taxed, in the same manner, the same is done for Wesfarmers. Due to this, the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 becomes applicable on the company. And as a result of its applicability, Wesfarmers has to adhere to the provisions contained in this ac; specifically pertaining to the provisions relating to Australian resident employees, covered in Division 83A of the act. The Wesfarmers Employee Share Acquisition Plan has been qualified as being a non discriminatory sharing scheme for the companys employees, as per this division of the Income Tax Assessment Act. And as is a standard phenomenon, Wesfarmers adheres to different Accounting Standards. AASB 101 is one of such accounting standards followed by Wesfarmers which relates to the Presentation of Financial Statement (Wesfarmers, 2016a). As the company is registered in Australia, there is a need for undertaking the compliances contained in the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth). Hence, the company has to follow the norms regarding the naming of company, the memorandum of the company, the appointment and duties of directors, the meetings to be scheduled, and the required disclosures. This can be evidenced from the disclosures which have been made by Wesfarmers in its Annual Report 2016. One of these was the general standard of independence of the auditor, covered through the provisions of this act. Wesfarmers also made a declaration regarding the proceedings which were brought by or on behalf of the company as per section 237 of Corporations Act (Wesfarmers, 2016a). For the purpose of this act, the substantial shareholding of the company has also been declared by Wesfarmers. The prohibitions relating to the key management personnel of Wesfarmers, in addition to the closely related parties, are reflected in the securities trading policy of the company. The provisions contained in 300A are also followed by the company. The Corporations Act, through its provisions also governs the key personnels remuneration (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Another act applicable on the company is the Competition and Consumer Act, 2002 (Cth), due to Wesfarmers being a provider of goods and services in the nation. The Federal Government announced that for 2016 it was making certain changes to section 46 of this act. As a result of these changes, if a company has a considerable market power, which allows it to act in a manner which is competitive and also provides benefits to the consumers, but at the same time, has the effect of reducing the competition, due to the exit of inferior or inefficient competitors, the same would be deemed as unlawful. The result of these provisions is the competition discouragement, due to which, the uncertainty for the company has been increased. And the company has already conveyed its disappointment to the government. These changed provisions have raised the chances of litigations being initiated against it (Wesfarmers, 2016a). The regulatory framework in Australia is confined to its jurisdictional limits. And as the company works in different parts of the world, a number of international agreements, convention and treaties have to be followed by the company. Some of these have been stated below. Wesfarmers has recognized its duty towards ensuring a sustainable future and taking a step in this direction the company follows and adheres to the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines or the GRI Guidelines. Wesfarmers followed a range of these in 2015, each of which was for a different aspect under a different category. The GRI G4 Guidelines are divided in three categories of social, economic and environmental. The company followed the GRI G4 Guidelines of G4-DMA and G4-EN5 for the energy aspect under environmental category; for effluents and waste, G4-DMA and G4-EN23, for customer health and safety under the social category, the G4-DMA and G4- PR1; and for economic performance under the economic performance aspect, the G4-DMA and G4-EC1 (Wesfarmers, 2015). The company has made a commitment towards bringing down the GHG or the greenhouse gas emissions. In order to do so, the company actively manages and monitors its emissions, and also takes steps for reducing these. The particular risks which take place as a result of changing climate have been understood by the company, especially for its business, and the company makes continuous attempts towards reducing these risks. More than 2% of the GHG emissions were reduced by Wesfarmers for 2016 in comparison to 2015. Moreover, the same have been reduced by more than 30% in comparison to the levels of 2012 (Wesfarmers, 2015). These steps, for reducing the GHG emissions, have been taken in light of the international treaties like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, in short, UNCCC, and the Kyoto Protocol. The year of 1992 saw the inception of the international convention of 1992. The same works towards the stabilization of the GHG emissions so as to reduce the negative impact of these emissions on the climate. Through this convention, the limits for GHG are specified, instead of stating merely an international treaty (Harrison, 2013). In line with UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol was established in the year of 1997 and it is also focused upon the reduction in the GHG emissions. The reason for these is the clear presence of the global warming at the present day, which is a result of the carbon dioxide emissions, which form as a result of the actions of the man (Krber, Schwirzenbeck and Barth, 2008). The objectives of UNFCCC are implemented by the Kyoto Protocol. This makes both these treaties work in a similar direction of reducing the concentration of the GHG in the atmosphere, so as to fight global warming. This is done by bringing these to a level which enables the prevention of the hazar dous anthropogenic interferences with the climate system (Massai, 2011). Under the UNFCCC is the Paris Agreement which relates to the adaption and mitigation of the GHG and this is addition to the finance for the same, which is set to initiate from 2020. The representatives of 195 different nations negotiated upon the wordings of the Paris Agreement and the same took place in Paris at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC on December 12th 2015 (Blau, 2017). This agreement has the goal of enhancing the implementation of the UNFCCC by maintaining the global average temperate increase to under 2?C over the pre-industrial levels. In addition to this, efforts are made for putting limits to the increase of these to 1.5C over the pre-industrial levels (Bates, 2015). Wesfarmers has recognized that the change in the climate is the result of human actions and also acknowledges that Australia, as a nation and Wesfarmers, as a company, play a key role in the mitigation of this climate change. For doing the same, the company has undertaken different initiatives so that the climate can be safeguarded. The levels set under the Paris Agreement have been taken seriously by the company and it works towards restricting the global warming to the levels of 1.5C to 2C higher in comparison to the pre-industrial levels. The company believes in working together with both the government and the entire industry for the attainment of these preferred goals. For undertaking the decarbonisation in an efficient, as well as, affordable manner, the company realizes the need for assurance in the long term policies. Due to these reasons, Wesfarmers has vowed to carry on the improvements of the GHG efficiency in the operations undertaken by it, which would help in reducing t he risks based by the companys business and also the costs, in addition to making a contribution towards the improvement of changes in climate (Wesfarmers, 2017c). Taking a step in this direction, Wesfarmers has encouraged the Federal Government to make an application to the Emissions Reduction Fund, so that the additional energy efficiency initiatives can be implemented across the retail business of across the company. LED lights have been used in the businesses of the company for the development of its new stores. The retrofitting of more than 200,000 new highly efficient light fittings in its pre-existing stores has been made economically viable as a result of this, in addition for the distribution centers, in the time of seven years. Through this, an additional value of 15,000 tonnes of CO2e, i.e., carbon dioxide equivalent per year can be reduced (Wesfarmers, 2016b). Target, which is one of the retail businesses of Wesfarmers, undertook a widespread due diligence program so that it could be ensured that the importation of the regulated timber products did not include any unlawfully logged sources. The same was a response to the adoption of the Illegal Logging Act 2012 of the Europe and its regulations, by the Federal Government of Australia (Wesfarmers, 2016c). References AMP Capital. (2015) AMP Capital Sustainable Share Fund. [Online] AMP Capital. Available from: https://www.ampcapital.com.au/AMPCapitalAU/media/contents/Documents/Sustainable%20Share%20Fund/1503-ssf-stock-holdings.pdf?ext=.pdf [Accessed on: 23/04/17] ASX. (2016) Wesfarmers. [Online] ASX. Available from: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160921/pdf/43bbqf00p6wwcy.pdf [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Bates, A.K. (2015) The Paris Agreement: The Best Chance We Have to Save the One Planet We've Got. San Bernardino, CA: BOOK Publishing Company. Blau, J. (2017) The Paris Agreement: Climate Change, Solidarity, and Human Rights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Harrison, J. (2013) The European Union and South Korea: The Legal Framework for Strengthening Trade, Economic and Political Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. IBIS. (2016) Wesfarmers Limited - Premium Company Report Australia. [Online] IBIS. Available from: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/retail-trade/wesfarmers-limited-company.html [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Krber, C., Schwirzenbeck, M. and Barth, K. (2008) The Kyoto Protocol. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Massai, L. (2011) The Kyoto Protocol in the EU: European Community and Member States under International and European Law. Prato, Italy: Springer Science Business Media. Wesfarmers. (2015) GRI G4 Content Index. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-data/gri-g4-content-index/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016a) 2016 Annual Report. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4 [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016b) Stakeholder engagement. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-approach/stakeholder-engagement/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. 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